India Faces Renewed COVID-19 Surge Amid Emergence of New Variants and Seasonal Factors

By Noma Grant

India is experiencing a notable resurgence in COVID-19 cases, with active infections surpassing 5,300 as of June 6, 2025. This uptick is attributed to the emergence of new virus variants and seasonal factors influencing virus transmission.

Current Situation

According to the Union Health Ministry, India has reported 5,364 active COVID-19 cases, marking a significant increase from previous weeks. In the last 24 hours alone, four fatalities have been recorded, bringing the total death toll to 55 since January.

Kerala remains the most affected state, with 1,487 active cases, followed by Delhi and Maharashtra, reporting 562 and 526 active cases respectively.  Other states such as Gujarat, West Bengal, and Karnataka have also seen significant increases in active cases.

Emergence of New Variants

Health experts have identified several new sub-variants contributing to the recent surge. Notably, the JN.1 sub-variant of Omicron has shown increased transmissibility. Additionally, the KP.1 and KP.2 strains, derivatives of the JN.1 variant, have been reported in states like Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Uttarakhand.  These strains exhibit high transmissibility but have not led to a proportional increase in hospitalizations or severe cases.  Furthermore, the recently identified NB.1.8.1 and LF.7 variants are being monitored for their potential impact on public health.

Seasonal Factors and Public Behavior

Experts suggest that seasonal changes, particularly the onset of summer, have influenced public behavior, leading to increased indoor gatherings in air-conditioned environments. Such settings can facilitate virus transmission.

Dr. Nikhil Modi emphasized the importance of preventive measures during this period, recommending that individuals stay indoors when possible, maintain proper hygiene, and wear masks in public spaces to mitigate the spread of infections.

Vaccination and Public Health Response

In response to the surge, the Indian government has initiated vaccination drives, with over 250 individuals registering for COVID-19 vaccination and one person receiving a precautionary shot as of June 6, 2025. The government is also enhancing healthcare infrastructure, increasing ICU beds, oxygen supplies, and ventilators across hospitals to prepare for potential surges in cases. Regular training programs for healthcare workers on case management and infection prevention protocols are being conducted to ensure a skilled and prepared workforce.

Testing and Surveillance

Authorities are ramping up testing and genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of new variants. Genome sequencing is underway in various regions to identify potential threats from circulating variants. Pilot projects monitoring wastewater are being implemented to detect outbreaks early, adding an innovative dimension to the overall approach.  However, challenges persist due to reduced sensitivity of routine RT-PCR tests for emerging variants, necessitating reliance on CT scans in some cases.

Expert Opinions

While the current surge is notable, health experts advise against panic. They emphasize that the virus has become endemic and is showing milder effects over time. Periodic increases in case numbers are expected and part of a broader global trend. Continued caution, especially for vulnerable populations, is recommended.

Dr. Manjusha Agarwal highlighted the importance of distinguishing between seasonal viral fevers and COVID-19, as both share symptoms like fever and fatigue. Monitoring for other signs such as cough, loss of taste or smell, and shortness of breath is crucial.

Conclusion

India's recent surge in COVID-19 cases underscores the importance of vigilance, timely vaccination, and adherence to public health guidelines. While the emergence of new variants and seasonal factors contribute to the rise in cases, proactive measures by both authorities and the public can help mitigate the impact and prevent further escalation.

Noma Grant is a freelance journalist and writer for Veritas Expositae

You can reach her at noma.grant@veritasexpositae.com